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style=\"color:#b60105\">02<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5546\u54c1nf\u819c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\">1.\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6df1\u5ea6\u51c0\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>nf\u819c\u6700\u65e9\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u8d28\u8f6f\u5316\u3002nf\u819c\u5bf9\u4e8c\u4ef7\u53ca\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u622a\u7559\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe\u523090%\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4ef7\u76d0\u7684\u622a\u7559\u7387\u4e3a10% ~ 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class=\"wp-image-10450\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\">2.\u6d77\u6c34\/\u82e6\u54b8\u6c34\u6de1\u5316\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p 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class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u996e\u6599\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u5e9f\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5370\u67d3\u5e9f\u6c34\u3001\u5783\u573e\u6e17\u6ee4\u6db2\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u996e\u6599\u5e9f\u6c34\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u542b\u6709\u6bd2\u6709\u5bb3\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u60ac\u6d6e\u6216\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u7cd6\u7c7b\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u3001\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u751f\u7269\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u7528nf\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5728\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u79cd\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u7528nf\u8fdb\u884c\u6d53\u7f29\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536\u3002chen\u7b49\u91c7\u7528\u7b49\u7535\u70b9\u6c89\u6dc0-nf\u6d53\u7f29-\u538c\u6c27\u53d1\u9175\u5de5\u827a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5e9f\u6c34\u7684\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5316\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u5728ph=4.8\u4e0b\u7684\u7b49\u7535\u70b9\u6c89\u6dc0\u80fd\u53bb\u9664\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u800cnf\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u6325\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u538c\u6c27\u53d1\u9175\u4e2d\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u548c\u6cbc\u6c14\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u3002andrade\u7b49\u91c7\u7528mbr+nf\u5904\u7406\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5e9f\u6c34\uff0c\u5176cod\u53bb\u9664\u7387\u8fbe\u523099.9%\uff0c\u603b\u56fa\u4f53\u53bb\u9664\u7387\u4e3a93.1%\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cnf\u8fd8\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u5355\u76f8\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u7684\u518d\u751f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u5382\u5e9f\u6c34\u4e2d\u915a\u7c7b\u7684\u63d0\u7eaf\uff08\u53bb\u9664\u805a\u5408\u915a\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\">7.\u5236\u836f\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u836f\u5e9f\u6c34\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u9ad8\u76d0\u3001\u9ad8\u6c2e\u3001\u6210\u5206\u590d\u6742\u7684\u96be\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\u6709\u673a\u5e9f\u6c34\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5236\u836f\u5de5\u4e1a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5904\u7406\u51fa\u6c34\u5df2\u96be\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fbe\u5230\u6392\u653e\u6807\u51c6\uff0ccod\u3001\u8272\u5ea6\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u5b58\u5728\u8d85\u6807\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u738b\u5065\u884c\u7b49\u5728\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5236\u836f\u5e9f\u6c34\u4e8c\u7ea7\u751f\u5316\u51fa\u6c34\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528dknf\u819c\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4ea7\u6c34\u53ef\u56de\u7528\u4e8e\u539f\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728nf\u5de5\u5e8f\u524d\u589e\u52a0\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u819c\u6c61\u67d3\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u8f7b\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u751f\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u91c7\u7528mbr\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e32\u8054nf\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0cnf\u51fa\u6c34toc\u3001\u6c28\u6c2e\u548c\u603b\u78f7\u5206\u522b\u7a33\u5b9a\u57285.52\uff0c0.68\uff0c0.34 mg\/l\uff0c\u6d4a\u5ea6\u548c\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.15 ntu\u548c2.5 ms\/cm\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230gb 21903\u20142008\u300a\u53d1\u9175\u7c7b\u5236\u836f\u5de5\u4e1a\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u6807\u51c6\u300b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cwang \u7b49\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dnf\u819c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6e05\u6d17\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u9178\u6d17\uff08 ph=2.0~2.5\u7684\u76d0\u9178\u7a00\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09\u548c\u78b1\u6d17\uff08 ph= 10.0~10.5\u7684 naoh+0.3% nads\uff09\u8054\u7528\u7684\u6e05\u6d17\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8embr-\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u9884\u5904\u7406-nf\u5de5\u5e8f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5148\u9178\u6d17\u540e\u78b1\u6d17\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8embr-nf\u5de5\u5e8f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5148\u78b1\u6d17\u540e\u9178\u6d17\u8f83\u4e3a\u9002\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\">03<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\">\u65b0\u578bnf\u819c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u673a\u7406\u3001\u5206\u79bb\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6c34\u5904\u7406\/\u56de\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6f5c\u529b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\">\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1.\u57fa\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u63ba\u6742\u7684nf\u819c<\/p>\n<\/strong><p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"color:#b60105\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u590d\u5408nf\u819c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u6d82\u5c42\u7684nf\u819c\uff08sln\uff09\u3001\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u5c42\u7eb3\u7c73\u63ba\u6742\u819c\uff08tfn\uff09\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6750\u6599\u6df7\u5408\u57fa\u8d28\u819c\uff08tfcn\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8fd93\u79cd\u819c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\u89c1\u88682\u3002sln 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&nbsp; 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&nbsp; \u6458 \u8981 &nbsp; 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&nbsp; nf\u819c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8584\u5c42\u590d\u5408ro\u819c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u57281978\u5e74\uff0ccadotte\u7b49\u5229\u7528\u54cc\u55ea\uff08pip\uff09\u548c1\uff0c3\uff0c5-\u5747\u82ef\u4e09\u7532\u9170\u6c2f\uff08tmc\uff09\u5236\u5907\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f20\u8584\u5c42\u590d\u5408\u805a\u9170\u80fanf\u819c\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u622a\u7559\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0ero\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u901a\u91cf\ufe51\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684nacl \u622a\u7559\u7387\uff0c\u4e14\u8fc7\u7a0b\u538b\u529b\u4f4e\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e0e\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5236\u836f\u4e0e\u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u7684nf\u819c\u90fd\u662f\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u590d\u5408\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u5206\u79bb\u5c42\uff0850~100 nm\uff09\u3001\u591a\u5b54\u652f\u6491\u5c42\uff08~50 um\uff09\u548c\u65e0\u7eba\u5e03\u5c42\uff08~ 100 um\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u65e0\u7eba\u5e03\u5c42\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u819c\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u652f\u6491\u5c42\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u805a\u77fe\uff08psf\uff09\u6216\u805a\u919a\u77fe\uff08pes\uff09\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u5206\u79bb\u5c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u622a\u7559\u5c42\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4e3apip\u4e0e tmc\u805a\u5408\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u6750\u6599\u3002 \u56fe1 \u4f20\u7edf\u8584\u5c42\u590d\u5408\u805a\u9170\u80fanf\u819c\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f nf\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4ecb\u4e8euf\u819c\u548cro\u819c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u622a\u7559\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5728200~2000 da\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u90e8\u5206\u53bb\u9664\u5355\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf&lt;200\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8euf\u3001nf\u548cro \u819c\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8868\u9762\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8d85\u6ee4\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7b5b\u5206\uff08size exclusion\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u622a\u7559\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u4e8e\u819c\u5b54\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u3002ro\u819c\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u81f4\u5bc6\u65e0\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6eb6\u89e3-\u6269\u6563\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6eb6\u8d28\u548c\u6eb6\u5242\u5728\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5185\u7684\u6269\u6563\u6027\u548c\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u800cnf\u819c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u5fae\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8377\u7535\u5206\u79bb\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u819c\u5b54\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u57281nm\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a300~500 da\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cnf\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u673a\u7406\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f3\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u534f\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7b5b\u5206\u3001\u9053\u5357\u6548\u5e94\uff08donnan effect\uff09\u548c\u4ecb\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff08dielectric effect\uff09\u3002\u9053\u5357\u6548\u5e94\u53c8\u79f0\u9759\u7535\u6392\u65a5\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5e26\u7535\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u5e26\u7535\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u5206\u914d\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u819c\u7535\u6027\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ef7\u6001\u589e\u52a0\u5219\u622a\u7559\u7387\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u819c\u7535\u6027\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ef7\u6001\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5219\u622a\u7559\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4ecb\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a2\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u79bb\u5b50\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u80fd\u5792\uff08solvationenergy barrier\uff09\u548c\u955c\u50cf\u529b\uff08image 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&nbsp; 7.\u5236\u836f\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406 &nbsp; 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mg\/l\uff0c\u6d4a\u5ea6\u548c\u7535\u5bfc\u7387\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.15 ntu\u548c2.5 ms\/cm\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230gb 21903\u20142008\u300a\u53d1\u9175\u7c7b\u5236\u836f\u5de5\u4e1a\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u6807\u51c6\u300b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cwang \u7b49\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2dnf\u819c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6e05\u6d17\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u9178\u6d17\uff08 ph=2.0~2.5\u7684\u76d0\u9178\u7a00\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09\u548c\u78b1\u6d17\uff08 ph= 10.0~10.5\u7684 naoh+0.3% nads\uff09\u8054\u7528\u7684\u6e05\u6d17\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8embr-\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u9884\u5904\u7406-nf\u5de5\u5e8f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5148\u9178\u6d17\u540e\u78b1\u6d17\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8embr-nf\u5de5\u5e8f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5148\u78b1\u6d17\u540e\u9178\u6d17\u8f83\u4e3a\u9002\u5b9c\u3002 03 &nbsp; 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